Conditions We Treat

Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental health concerns, affecting an estimated 1 in 10 Canadians. An anxiety disorder goes beyond average nervousness or fear when the anxious feelings interfere with daily living. Anxiety disorders include generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, and separation anxiety. An increase in worrying can be caused by external factors such as the pandemic, life transitions, and stress. Common signs and symptoms of anxiety disorders include:

• A constant sense of impending danger or panic
• Sweating
• Increased heart rate or heart palpitations
• Nightmares
• Trembling
• Hyperventilation
• Headaches, gastrointestinal pains, or other unexplained pains

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been proven effective in helping individuals with anxiety disorders manage their anxious thoughts and feelings and reframe these thought patterns. Learning breathing and meditation techniques can be helpful to those who have panic attacks to regulate their breathing and heart rate. If you are struggling with the symptoms of any anxiety disorder, reach out to one of our therapists today.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

1. Bipolar I Disorder
   • Characterized by at least one manic episode that may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or depressive episodes.
   • Mania involves elevated mood, increased activity, reduced need for sleep, and sometimes psychotic symptoms.
   • Depressive episodes often include feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and fatigue.
2. Bipolar II Disorder
   • Involves at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode.
   • Hypomania is less severe than mania and does not include psychotic features.
   • Often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder due to the absence of full-blown mania.
3. Cyclothymic Disorder
   • A milder form of bipolar disorder involving periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms lasting for at least two years.
   • Symptoms do not meet the criteria for full manic or depressive episodes but still cause distress and impairment.
4. Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar Disorder
   • Manic or depressive symptoms triggered by substance use or the side effects of medications.
5. Bipolar Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
   • Mood disturbances directly caused by medical conditions such as thyroid disorders or neurological issues.

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

While the presentation of symptoms varies between individuals and episodes, common features include:

Manic or Hypomanic Symptoms:

• Emotional Symptoms:
  • Euphoria or excessively high mood.
  • Irritability or agitation.
• Cognitive Symptoms:
  • Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
  • Racing thoughts or rapid speech.
  • Poor judgment or risky behavior.
• Physical Symptoms:
  • Increased energy and activity.
  • Reduced need for sleep.

Depressive Symptoms:

• Emotional Symptoms:
  • Persistent sadness or emptiness.
  • Loss of interest or pleasure in activities.
• Cognitive Symptoms:
  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.
  • Thoughts of worthlessness or suicidal ideation.
• Physical Symptoms:
  • Fatigue or low energy.
  • Sleep and appetite disturbances.

How Common is Bipolar Disorder?

• Global Prevalence: Approximately 1%–3% of the global population is affected by bipolar disorder.
• Canada: Around 2.6% of Canadians experience bipolar disorder in their lifetime.
• United States: Bipolar disorder affects approximately 2.8% of adults annually.

Impact of Bipolar Disorder on Daily Life

• Work or Education: Erratic energy levels and mood swings can disrupt productivity and attendance.
• Relationships: Interpersonal conflicts may arise due to mood fluctuations and impulsive behaviors.
• Physical Health: Associated with higher rates of chronic illnesses and increased risk of substance abuse.
• Quality of Life: Drastic mood changes can impair social functioning and overall well-being.

Treatment Options for Bipolar Disorder

Effective treatment for bipolar disorder requires a comprehensive and tailored approach, combining medications, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments.

1. Medications

• Mood Stabilizers: Lithium, valproate, or lamotrigine to manage manic and depressive episodes.
• Antipsychotics: Olanzapine, quetiapine, or aripiprazole for acute mania or maintenance. Other antipsychotics are also used to manage moods.
• Antidepressants: Are not recommended or used very cautiously, as they can trigger manic episodes.
• New Treatments: Explore cutting-edge options like samidorphan (pending availability in Canada).

2. Psychotherapy

Psychotherapies are not standalone treatments for Bipolar disorder, but an be added on the medications.

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
  • The best evidence for CBT is for the relapse prevention in bipolar disorder and for the treatment of depression.
• Psychoeducation:
  • Empowers individuals and families with knowledge about bipolar disorder and triggers.
• Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT):
  • Helps establish routines to stabilize mood and prevent relapses.
• Family-Focused Therapy:
  • Involves family members in treatment to improve communication and support.

3. Brain Stimulation Therapies

• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT):
  • Used for severe, treatment-resistant cases.
• Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS):
  • A non-invasive option for mood stabilization.

4. Lifestyle Changes

• Regular Exercise: Promotes mood stability and overall health.
• Healthy Sleep Habits: Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule to reduce mood swings.
• Stress Management: Techniques like mindfulness and relaxation exercises.

Preventing Relapse in Bipolar Disorder

Relapse prevention is a cornerstone of managing bipolar disorder. Strategies include:

• Adherence to prescribed treatments.
• Monitoring early warning signs of mood changes.
• Engaging in ongoing therapy and support groups.
• Regular psychiatric consultations for medication adjustments.

At CMAP Health, relapse prevention plans are personalized to minimize the risk of recurring episodes and maintain stability. At CMAP Health, one of the cornerstones of practice is the regular measurements and tracking of mood to refine the treatment approach.

When to Seek Help

If you or a loved one experiences extreme mood swings, thoughts of self-harm, or significant interference with daily functioning, consult a healthcare provider immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve long-term outcomes.

Your Path to Stability

Living with bipolar disorder can be challenging, but with the right treatment and support, individuals can lead fulfilling lives. At CMAP Health, our team of experienced psychiatrists and therapists provides evidence-based care tailored to your needs. There are very few centres in Canada that provide a combination of medication and appropriate psychological treatment for bipolar disorder. Contact us today to take the first step toward recovery.

What is PTSD?

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. These events may include physical or emotional harm, natural disasters, accidents, abuse, combat exposure, or life-threatening situations. While many people recover naturally over time, those with PTSD experience ongoing symptoms that interfere with their daily lives.

Common Symptoms of PTSD

PTSD symptoms are typically grouped into four categories, though individuals may experience them in unique ways:

1. Intrusive Memories
   • Flashbacks or vivid memories of the trauma.
   • Recurring, distressing dreams or nightmares.
   • Intense emotional or physical reactions when reminded of the trauma.
2. Avoidance
   • Avoiding thoughts, feelings, or conversations about the event.
   • Steering clear of places, people, or activities associated with the trauma.
3. Negative Changes in Thinking and Mood
   • Feelings of guilt, shame, or blame.
   • Difficulty experiencing positive emotions.
   • Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.
   • Feeling detached or estranged from others.
4. Arousal and Reactivity
   • Being easily startled or feeling “on edge.”
   • Trouble sleeping or concentrating.
   • Irritability, angry outbursts, or reckless behaviour.

Causes and Risk Factors

PTSD can affect anyone, though not everyone who experiences trauma develops the disorder. Factors that may increase the likelihood of PTSD include:

• Experiencing intense or prolonged trauma.
• Having a personal or family history of mental health challenges.
• Lacking a strong support system.
• Experiencing additional stressors, such as job loss or health issues, after the trauma.

How PTSD Affects Daily Life

Untreated PTSD can disrupt relationships, work, and overall well-being. It may contribute to conditions such as depression, anxiety, substance use, or chronic physical health issues. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to improving quality of life.

Treatment for PTSD

Psychotherapy

PTSD is treatable, and recovery is possible with the right approach. Evidence-based psychological therapies are the mainstay of PTSD treatment. The mind is tuned to recover naturally from traumas, but sometimes painful emotions and beliefs can get in the way. All effective therapies help process the trauma memories and the impact of these on the person’s view of themselves.

It is important that the therapist is trained in the specific treatment models in of therapy that have been researched for PTSD. Just talking about the trauma is not enough to produce lasting results.

• Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)

TF-CBT is a widely used, evidence-based therapy for children, adolescents, and adults with PTSD.

How it Helps: TF-CBT Combines cognitive, behavioural, imagery and experiential trauma-specific strategies to process the emotionally laden segments of trauma memories. The therapist helps the person recover from negative beliefs and behaviours that prevent recovery and also engages them in rebuilding a life of quality of fulfilment.

• Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)

CPT is a structured form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) specifically designed for PTSD. It focuses on helping individuals identify and challenge unhelpful beliefs related to their trauma, such as guilt, blame, or feelings of helplessness.

How it Helps: CPT teaches to recognize “stuck points” — thoughts or beliefs preventing recovery — and reframe these beliefs to develop healthier perspectives.

• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

EMDR is a structured therapy that helps individuals reprocess traumatic memories, reducing their emotional impact and associated symptoms.

How it Helps: During sessions, people focus on their trauma while simultaneously engaging in bilateral stimulation, such as following the therapist’s finger or hearing alternating tones.

• Written Exposure Therapy (WET)

WET is a brief therapy designed for individuals who may prefer less verbal interaction or have limited access to long-term treatment.

How it Helps: WET helps through structured, written exercises on the trauma, assisting people to evaluate and process difficult memories in a safe and supportive way.

• Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)

NET is an integrative therapy often used for individuals who have experienced multiple traumas, such as refugees or those affected by chronic violence.

How it Helps: Patients create a chronological “life narrative,” weaving traumatic and positive experiences together to integrate and contextualize their memories.

• Imagery Rescripting Therapy (IRT)

Imagery Rescripting Therapy (IRT) is a specialized technique with CBT designed to help individuals reprocess and alter the emotional impact of traumatic memories. It is particularly effective for PTSD, as well as other conditions like complex trauma, phobias, and nightmares.

How it Helps: IRT focuses on addressing distressing mental images or intrusive memories by “rewriting” the story in a way that changes its emotional and psychological meaning.

How to Choose the Right Therapy

The choice of therapy often depends on factors such as the severity and type of trauma, personal preferences, and availability of trained therapists. It is important to work with a qualified mental health professional who can tailor the approach to meet individual needs. At CMAP Health, we have the option of supporting recovery through more than one of the above approaches.

Benefits of Evidence-Based Therapies

• Safe and Supportive Environment: Therapies provide a controlled setting to explore painful memories without re-traumatization.
• Skill Building: Patients develop tools to manage triggers, cope with distress, and improve emotional regulation.
• Improved Quality of Life: By addressing the root causes of PTSD, therapy can help restore relationships, work, and daily functioning.

Mindfulness and Meditation Techniques

Practices like meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and breathing exercises can help reduce anxiety and improve focus. These can be practised in addition of after a course of psychotherapy

Medication Treatment

Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs such as Sertraline or Zoloft) and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs such as Venlafaxine or Effexor), may help alleviate symptoms.

When to Seek Help

If you or a loved one experiences ongoing symptoms of PTSD that interfere with daily life, relationships, or work, reach out to a mental health professional. Early intervention can provide tools to manage symptoms and promote healing.

Your Path to Recovery

Recovery from PTSD is a journey, and you don’t have to take it alone. Reach out for help, and take the first step toward healing

CMAP Health offers expert care with a multidisciplinary team of psychologists, psychotherapists and psychiatrists. Our evidence-based treatments are tailored to meet your needs, helping you reduce anxiety and improve your quality of life. You can also receive expert psychiatry consultation to evaluate all the mental health concerns to suggest the best combination of treatment options. Contact CMAP Health today to take the first step toward recovery.

What is Social Anxiety Disorder?

Social Anxiety Disorder, also known as social phobia, is a mental health condition characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations. People with this condition may worry excessively about being judged, embarrassed, or humiliated in front of others. These feelings can interfere with daily life, making it difficult to engage in relationships, work, or social activities.

Common Symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder

Symptoms often occur in specific social situations but can also generalize to most social interactions. They include:

1. Emotional Symptoms
   • Intense fear or anxiety about social situations where scrutiny or judgment might occur.
   • Excessive worry about embarrassing yourself or offending others.
   • Avoidance of social interactions or enduring them with significant distress.
2. Physical Symptoms
   • Blushing, sweating, trembling, or shaking.
   • Rapid heartbeat or difficulty breathing.
   • Nausea or upset stomach.
   • Muscle tension or dizziness.
3. Behavioral Symptoms
   • Avoiding eye contact.
   • Speaking softly or not speaking in social settings.
   • Avoid situations like public speaking, eating in public, or attending social gatherings.

How common is Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

Around 8% of Canadians aged 15 and older will experience SAD at some point in their lives, and approximately 4.8% experience it in any given year.

How Social Anxiety Disorder Affects Daily Life

Social Anxiety Disorder can impact various aspects of life, including:

• Relationships: Difficulty forming and maintaining friendships or romantic relationships.
• Work or School: Struggling with tasks that require interaction, like giving presentations or participating in group activities.
• Personal Well-Being: Feelings of isolation, low self-esteem, and depression.

Treatment Options for Social Anxiety Disorder

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT for social anxiety is a specific approach that has a high success rate and is the treatment of choice.

 It is important that the therapist is trained in the specific treatment models in cognitive behavioural therapy that have been researched for social anxiety disorder.

How it Helps: Therapists who specialise in this treatment help create a clear understanding of mental, emotional and physiological factors that fuel social anxiety. The individual is then helped to build confidence by working systematically through these areas.

Mindfulness and Meditation Techniques

Practices like meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and breathing can help reduce anxiety and improve focus. These can be practised in addition of after a course of psychotherapy for social anxiety.

Medication

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressant medications that have been found to be effective in social anxiety.

When to Seek Help

If social anxiety significantly interferes with your daily life, relationships, or work, it’s essential to seek professional help. Early intervention can provide the tools needed to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Your Path to Confidence

Social Anxiety Disorder can feel overwhelming, but with the right treatment and support, it is possible to regain confidence and participate fully in life. Reach out for help and take the first step toward a brighter, more connected future.

CMAP Health offers expert care with a multidisciplinary team of psychologists, psychotherapists and psychiatrists. Our evidence-based treatments are tailored to meet your needs, helping you reduce anxiety and improve your quality of life. You can also receive expert psychiatry consultation to evaluate all mental health concerns to suggest the best combination of treatment options. Contact CMAP Health today to take the first step toward recovery.

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition characterized by excessive, persistent, and uncontrollable worry about everyday events and activities. Unlike occasional anxiety, GAD involves chronic worry that can interfere with daily functioning and well-being. This worry is often disproportionate to the situation and difficult to manage, leading to significant distress and physical symptoms.

Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Emotional Symptoms:

• Persistent worry or fear about various topics, such as work, health, or family.
• Feeling restless, tense, or “on edge.”
• Difficulty concentrating or feeling like your mind is “going blank.”

Physical Symptoms:

• Fatigue, even without significant physical activity.
• Muscle tension, aches, or soreness.
• Sleep disturbances, such as trouble falling or staying asleep.
• Nausea, headaches, or digestive problems.

Behavioral Symptoms:

• Avoiding situations that might trigger anxiety.
• Procrastination or difficulty making decisions due to fear of negative outcomes.

How Common is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

• Canada: Around 8.7% of Canadians will experience GAD in their lifetime, with approximately 2.6% experiencing it in any given year.
• United States: GAD affects around 3.1% of the adult population annually, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 5.7%.

How Generalized Anxiety Disorder Affects Daily Life

• Work or Education: Chronic worry may reduce productivity, interfere with deadlines, or cause difficulty in focusing.
• Relationships: Excessive worry about loved ones or social situations can strain personal connections.
• Physical Health: Long-term anxiety can contribute to conditions such as chronic pain, cardiovascular issues, and gastrointestinal problems.

Treatment Options

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is highly treatable with evidence-based therapies, medications, and lifestyle changes.

It is important that the therapist is trained in the specific treatment models in cognitive behavioural therapy that have been researched for generalised anxiety disorder and worry.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is the most effective and well-researched psychological treatment for GAD.

How It Helps: Sufferers of GAD and worry are often plagued by uncertainty and catastrophic thinking. Modern approaches of cognitive behavioural therapy will identify these patterns and skillfully train the person to choose effective actions. For high success rates, it is important that the therapist has specific training in the models of treatment that are effective for GAD.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

ACT helps individuals accept their anxious thoughts and feelings without judgment and focus on actions aligned with personal values.

Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques

Practices like meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and breathing exercises can help reduce anxiety and improve focus. These can be practised in addition or after a course of psychotherapy for generalised anxiety and worry.

Medications

Medications can provide relief and are often used in combination with therapy.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): May be prescribed. Other medications can also be used based on consultation with a psychiatrist.

Self-Help Strategies

• Educate Yourself: Understanding GAD can reduce its emotional power.
• Practice Relaxation Daily: Regular mindfulness or yoga can lower overall anxiety levels.
• Exercise Regularly: Physical activity improves mood and reduces anxiety.
• Limit Stimulants: Reduce caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine, which can exacerbate anxiety.
• Build a Support Network: Connect with friends, family, or support groups for encouragement and understanding.

When to Seek Help

If worry or anxiety significantly interferes with your daily life, relationships, or work, reach out to a healthcare provider or mental health professional. Early intervention can improve outcomes and help prevent complications.

Your Path to Recovery

Generalized Anxiety Disorder can feel overwhelming, but effective treatments like CBT, medication, and mindfulness can help you regain control of your life. With the right support, you can manage anxiety and lead a fulfilling life.

CMAP Health offers expert care with a multidisciplinary team of psychologists, psychotherapists and psychiatrists. Our evidence-based treatments are tailored to meet your needs, helping you reduce anxiety and improve your quality of life. You can also receive expert psychiatry consultation to evaluate all the mental health concerns to suggest the best combination of treatment options. Contact CMAP Health today to take the first step toward recovery.

What is Panic Disorder?

Panic Disorder is a mental health condition characterized by recurring, unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is a sudden, intense wave of fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes and is often accompanied by physical and emotional symptoms. People with Panic Disorder may live in fear of future attacks, leading to significant stress and lifestyle changes.

What is Agoraphobia?

Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder often associated with Panic Disorder. It involves a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable during a panic attack. This fear can lead to avoiding public places, crowds, or even leaving home.

Symptoms of Panic Disorder

Panic attacks are the hallmark of Panic Disorder and can include:

Physical Symptoms:

• Rapid or pounding heartbeat.
• Sweating, trembling, or shaking.
• Shortness of breath or feeling smothered.
• Chest pain or discomfort.
• Nausea, dizziness, or fainting.
• Chills or hot flashes.

Emotional Symptoms:

• Fear of losing control, “going crazy,” or dying.
• A sense of impending doom or danger.

Behavioral Symptoms:

• Avoidance of places or situations where previous panic attacks occurred.
• Constant worry about when the next attack will happen.

Symptoms of Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia can vary in severity and may include:

Situations That Trigger Fear or Avoidance:

• Being in crowded areas, such as malls or stadiums.
• Traveling by public transportation or flying.
• Standing in lines or being in enclosed spaces like elevators.
• Being far from home or alone.

Physical Symptoms (During Fearful Situations):

• Panic attack symptoms (as described above).

Emotional Symptoms:

• Overwhelming anxiety in feared situations.
• Feeling trapped or helpless.

How Common are Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia?

• Panic Disorder: Affects approximately 3.7% of Canadians in their lifetime and about 1.6% in a given year.
• Agoraphobia: Around 2.3% of Canadians may experience agoraphobia in their lifetime.

Panic disorder and Agoraphobia commonly occur together.

How These Conditions Affect Daily Life

• Work or Education: Avoidance of public spaces or presentations may affect performance.
• Relationships: Fear of social settings or isolation may strain connections.
• Personal Well-Being: Constant worry about attacks or avoiding triggers can limit personal growth and fulfillment.

Treatment Options

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia are treatable with evidence-based therapies and, in some cases, medication.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is the first-line treatment for both conditions. It is important to get the specific CBT designed for panic disorder and agoraphobia.

It is important that the therapist is trained in the specific treatment models in cognitive behavioural therapy that have been researched for panic disorder and agoraphobia.

How It Helps: CBT works by helping people break through their panic and anxiety cycles and gain confidence in uncomfortable or even feared situations.

Mindfulness and Meditation Techniques

Practices like meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and breathing can help reduce anxiety and improve focus. These can be practised in addition to the psychotherapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia.

Medications

Medications can provide symptom relief and complement therapy.

Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are often helpful. Other medications.

When to Seek Help

If panic attacks or agoraphobia are interfering with your daily life, work, or relationships, consult a healthcare provider or mental health professional. Early intervention can improve outcomes and quality of life.

Your Path to Recovery

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia can feel overwhelming, but with the right treatment and support, you can regain control of your life. Therapies like CBT and medications provide effective pathways to healing. Take the first step today by reaching out to CMAP Health today.

CMAP Health offers expert care with a multidisciplinary team of psychologists, psychotherapists and psychiatrists. Our evidence-based treatments are tailored to meet your needs, helping you reduce anxiety and improve your quality of life. You can also receive expert psychiatry consultation to evaluate all mental health concerns to suggest the best combination of treatment options. Contact CMAP Health today to take the first step toward recovery.

What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (compulsions) aimed at reducing distress. While many people have habits or routines, OCD behaviours interfere with daily life and cause significant distress when not performed.

Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessions
Obsessions are intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety or discomfort. Common obsessions include:

• Fear of contamination (e.g., germs or dirt).
• Fear of harm coming to oneself or others.
• Intrusive thoughts about taboo topics (e.g., aggression, sex, or religion).
• A need for symmetry, order, or exactness.

Compulsions
Compulsions are repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety caused by obsessions. Common compulsions include:

• Excessive cleaning or handwashing.
• Checking (e.g., ensuring doors are locked or appliances are off).
• Counting, tapping, or repeating words silently.
• Arranging items in a specific way.

Impact on Daily Life

• Spending excessive time on compulsions, leaving little time for daily activities.
• Difficulty concentrating due to intrusive thoughts.
• Strained relationships or work performance due to OCD-related behaviors.

How Common is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Approximately 2% of Canadians will experience OCD during their lifetime, with about 1% experiencing symptoms in a given year.

How OCD Affects Daily Life

• Work or Education: Difficulty focusing due to obsessions or time-consuming compulsions may reduce productivity.
• Relationships: OCD behaviours may create misunderstandings or strain relationships with loved ones.
• Personal Well-Being: Constant worry and rituals can lead to fatigue, frustration, and social withdrawal.

Treatment Options for OCD

OCD is treatable with evidence-based therapies and, in some cases, medications.

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is the first-line treatment for OCD but the treatment for OCD requires specialised training in the approach.

How It Helps:  Therapists skillfully guide the person with OCD to examine the factors that are keeping them stuck in OCD thoughts and behaviours. The person is then coached to deal with these systematically and make steady improvements.

2. Medications

Medications are often used in combination with therapy to manage symptoms.

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Effective for reducing obsessions and compulsions.
• Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Clomipramine is an older antidepressant often used for OCD.
• Other treatments may help and require specialist consultation.

3. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

ACT helps individuals accept their intrusive thoughts without judgment and focus on meaningful actions despite anxiety.

4. Mindfulness-Based Techniques

Mindfulness can help individuals manage intrusive thoughts by teaching them to observe these thoughts without reacting to them. Mindfulness is not a standalone treatment for OCD, and CBT for OCD is the gold standard treatment to which mindfulness approaches can be added.

When to Seek Help

If obsessions or compulsions are interfering with your daily life, relationships, or work, seek help from a healthcare provider or mental health professional. Early intervention can improve outcomes and help prevent worsening symptoms.

Your Path to Recovery

Living with OCD can feel overwhelming, but effective treatments like CBT, ERP, and medications can help you regain control and reduce symptoms. Recovery takes time and effort, but with the right support, a fulfilling life is possible.

CMAP Health offers specialized care for OCD with a multidisciplinary team of trained therapists and psychiatrists. Our evidence-based approaches, including cognitive behavioural and medication consultation, are designed to help you break free from the cycle of obsessions and compulsions. We also have the expertise of treating several co-occurring mental health conditions. Take the first step toward recovery by contacting CMAP Health today.

What is Health Anxiety?

Health Anxiety, also known as Illness Anxiety Disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry about having or developing a serious illness. People with health anxiety may misinterpret normal bodily sensations or minor symptoms as signs of a severe medical condition. This persistent worry often leads to significant distress and impacts daily functioning, even in the absence of a diagnosed illness.

Symptoms of Health Anxiety

Cognitive Symptoms:

• Constant fear of having or developing a serious illness, despite medical reassurance.
• Preoccupation with bodily functions, sensations, or appearances.
• Overanalyzing minor symptoms or normal physical sensations.

Emotional Symptoms:

• Intense anxiety or distress related to perceived health concerns.
• Difficulty focusing on anything other than health worries.
• Feelings of frustration or hopelessness when symptoms persist.

Behavioral Symptoms:

• Frequent checking of the body for signs of illness (e.g., lumps, rashes).
• Repeatedly seeking medical advice or tests for reassurance.
• Avoiding medical appointments for fear of receiving bad news.
• Spending excessive time researching illnesses or symptoms online.

How Common is Health Anxiety?

Exact prevalence data for Health Anxiety is limited, but studies suggest it affects approximately 4–6% of the general population.

How Health Anxiety Affects Daily Life

• Work or Education: Persistent worry can lead to difficulty concentrating and decreased productivity.
• Relationships: Constant discussions about health concerns may strain personal relationships.
• Physical Health: Repeated medical testing and unnecessary treatments can result in physical risks and financial stress.
• Emotional Well-Being: Chronic worry can lead to feelings of isolation, frustration, and depression.

Treatment Options for Health Anxiety

Health Anxiety is treatable with evidence-based therapies, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, medications.

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is the most effective psychological treatment for Health Anxiety.

How It Helps:

Identifies unhelpful thoughts about health and illness and helps develop a new health perspective. Reduced CBT also works through decreasing dependence on reassurance-seeking behaviors and excessive body checking. It also builds healthier coping strategies for managing anxiety.

2. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

ACT helps individuals accept their health-related fears without judgment and focus on living a meaningful life despite uncertainty.

3. Medications

Medications may complement therapy for individuals with severe anxiety.

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Often used to reduce anxiety symptoms.
• Other Anti-Anxiety Medications: This may be prescribed based on a specialist psychiatric assessment

Mindfulness

Practices like meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and breathing exercises can help reduce anxiety and improve focus. These can be practised in addition or after a course of psychotherapy for health anxiety.

When to Seek Help

If health anxiety significantly interferes with your daily life, relationships, or work, or if you feel unable to control your worry, it’s important to seek help from a healthcare provider or mental health professional.

Your Path to Recovery

Living with Health Anxiety can feel overwhelming, but recovery is possible with the right treatment and support. Evidence-based therapies like CBT and ACT, combined with self-help strategies, can help reduce anxiety and improve your quality of life.

CMAP Health offers expert care with a multidisciplinary team of therapists and psychiatrists. Our personalized, evidence-based approaches are designed to help you break free from the cycle of health worries and live a fulfilling life. Contact CMAP Health today to begin your journey to recovery.

Approximately 1 million Canadians suffer from an eating disorder, which has the highest mortality rate of any mental illness. The most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Avoidant and Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, Binge Eating Disorder, and Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder. Eating disorders involve a disturbance in eating habits as well as upsetting thoughts and emotions surrounding food and body image. Common signs and symptoms of eating disorders include:

• Dizziness and dehydration
• Extreme fixation on weight loss or body image
• Misusing laxatives or diet pills
• Counting calories or tracking food intake
• Skipping meals or reducing portion sizes
• Withdrawal from social activities
• Excessive exercising
• Binge eating

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been proven effective in helping individuals with eating disorders change their behaviours and negative thought patterns around food. Book an appointment with one of our therapists today if you are struggling with disordered eating.

What is Adult ADHD?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects individuals across the lifespan. While ADHD is often associated with children, many adults also experience symptoms that can impact their work, relationships, and daily life. Adult ADHD typically involves challenges with attention, organization, impulsivity, and restlessness.

Symptoms of Adult ADHD

Inattention:

• Difficulty sustaining focus on tasks, especially those that are routine or uninteresting.
• Frequently losing items such as keys, wallets, or paperwork.
• Disorganization and trouble managing time or meeting deadlines.
• Forgetfulness in daily activities (e.g., appointments or chores).

Hyperactivity and Restlessness:

• Feeling restless or fidgety, often unable to sit still.
• Difficulty relaxing or participating in quiet activities.
• Talking excessively or interrupting others in conversations.

Impulsivity:

• Making hasty decisions without considering the consequences.
• Interrupting others or blurting out answers in conversations.
• Difficulty waiting for a turn in group settings or activities.

Emotional Dysregulation:

• Intense mood swings or difficulty managing frustration.
• Low self-esteem and feelings of underachievement.

How Common is Adult ADHD?

ADHD affects approximately 4.4% of adults in Canada, though many cases remain undiagnosed and untreated. Men are slightly more likely to be affected than women.

How Adult ADHD Affects Daily Life

Workplace Challenges: Adults with ADHD may struggle with meeting deadlines, staying organized, or maintaining focus during meetings, which can impact job performance.

Relationships: Impulsivity and forgetfulness may cause misunderstandings or conflicts with loved ones.

Personal Well-Being: Untreated ADHD can lead to low self-esteem, chronic stress, or comorbid conditions like anxiety and depression.

Treatment Options for Adult ADHD

Adult ADHD is highly treatable with a combination of therapy, medication, and lifestyle strategies.

• Medications: Medications are often the first-line treatment for managing ADHD symptoms.
  • Stimulants: Medications like methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta) or amphetamines(e.g., Adderall) are effective in improving focus and reducing impulsivity.
  • Non-Stimulants: Options like atomoxetine (Strattera) or certain antidepressants may be used for individuals who do not tolerate stimulants.

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is a highly effective psychological treatment for adult ADHD.
  • How It Helps 
    • Teaches strategies to manage time, prioritize tasks, and reduce procrastination.
    • Addresses emotional challenges like low self-esteem or frustration.
    • Helps improve problem-solving and decision-making skills.
• Coaching and Skills Training: ADHD coaching focuses on practical tools to manage daily challenges.
  • What It Covers
    • Organization and time management techniques.
    • Setting realistic goals and breaking them into manageable steps.
• Mindfulness-Based Strategies: Mindfulness practices can help reduce impulsivity and improve focus.

When to Seek Help

If ADHD symptoms are significantly interfering with your daily life, relationships, or work, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider or mental health professional. A comprehensive evaluation is essential for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.

Your Path to Thriving with ADHD

While living with Adult ADHD can be challenging, effective treatments and strategies can help you build a fulfilling and successful life. With the right combination of therapy, medication, and support, adults with ADHD can develop tools to thrive in their personal and professional lives.

CMAP Health offers expert care for Adult ADHD with a team of therapists and psychiatrists trained in evidence-based practices. Our comprehensive approach includes ADHD assessments, personalized treatment plans, and ongoing support to help you achieve your goals. Contact CMAP Health today to start your journey toward better focus and balance.

Information being updated

Information being updated

Couple and relationship therapy can help individuals address communication breakdowns, recurring conflicts, family pressures, sexual connectivity, and more. These sessions can be attended both individually or as a couple, always with the opportunity for all parties to speak and feel heard. Couples therapy is beneficial at any stage in a relationship and can help partners regardless of marital status, religion, or sexual orientation.

Relationship therapy can be emotionally focused, with the goal of understanding and strengthening your emotional connection and identifying any disconnections. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is also effective in helping couples change thought patterns and behaviours that are affecting their partner. If you or your partner wishes to explore this more, reach out to Hannah Richardson to book an appointment today.

Sleep problems are common and experienced by at least 40% of the population, and about 14% have all the symptoms of insomnia. Insomnia makes it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep, and those who experience insomnia often do not feel rested. Common signs and symptoms of insomnia include:

• Daytime fatigue
• Irritability
• Anxiety or Depression
• Low motivation & energy
• Gastrointestinal issues
• Memory issues
• Poor concentration & focus
• Using alcohol or medication to fall asleep

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been proven effective in helping individuals with insomnia break nighttime habits and form new ones for a more restful night. CMAP Health also offers a state-of-the-art cognitive behavioural therapy for Insomnia therapy (CBT-I) program developed by researchers at Ryerson University (Toronto Metropolitan University) Sleep and Depression Laboratory. Book an appointment with a member of our team today if you are experiencing insomnia or are interested in joining the insomnia program.

Addiction is the inability to stop engaging in a behaviour or using a substance despite it causing psychological harm. Addictions can be to substances such as drugs and alcohol, or a behaviour such as gambling, video games, or working. These habits become a part of daily life, and eventually consume individuals, with the addictive activity becoming a dominant presence. An estimated 21% of the population experiences some form of addiction in their lifetime; however, men are more likely to be affected than women. Common signs and symptoms of addiction include:

• Changes appearance
• Lying about habits to loved ones
• Extreme changes in mood
• Difficulty reducing or stopping the behaviour
• Obsessing over the next engagement with the activity or drug
• Disrupted sleeping patterns
• Secretiveness

Addictions can also lead to other mental health concerns, such as anxiety and depression. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been proven effective in helping individuals with addiction and other mental health concerns change negative behaviours and reframe thoughts. Motivational Enhancement Therapy is also effective in helping people reduce ambivalence and improve motivation to engage in healthy habits. If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction, book an appointment with one of our therapists today.